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[臨床藥學] 報告用大圖 抗憂鬱藥品作用機轉攻略 (Mechanisms of Actions of Antidepressants)

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▲抗憂鬱藥品作用在神經突觸的作用機轉。

抗憂鬱藥品 (antidepressant) 被廣泛用於治療重鬱症 (major depression)強迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD),甚至是創傷後壓力症候群 (posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD)

這些藥品為什麼可以處理這些心情不好的疾病,主要是因為大腦裡的「正腎上腺素 (noradrenaline或稱norepinephrine, NA)」「血清素 (serotonin, 5-HT)」

這兩個神經傳遞物質對維持大腦正常功能是關鍵 (無誤),影響他們在大腦裡的平衡,就會顯著影響我們的情緒。

“抗憂鬱藥品機轉與分類有關”

根據作用機轉,可以粗略將抗憂鬱藥品分為幾大類:

(1) 抑制分解NA或5-HT酵素,也就是單胺氧化酶 (monoamine oxidase, MAO),這類藥品的原型稱為「MAOI」,例如moclobamide

(2) 抑制NA或5-HT再回收,增加神經突觸間NA或5-HT濃度,像SNRI (serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors),例如venlafaxine;或SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors),例如fluoxetine

(3) 直接作用在5-HT受體,以Trazodone為例,作用在突觸後的「5-HT2C受體」,增加突觸間多巴胺 (dopamine) 與NA的濃度。

編按:有網友提問Trazodone的作用機轉,提供引用資料之原文:

"Trazodone is a tetracyclic compound. Its most signi cant antidepressant action is blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT2C receptors, which increases activity of dopamine and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex."

(4) 直接作用在突觸前自我調控受體,例如Mirtazapine,降低抑制性的「負向回饋」 (編按:負負得正),即是增加突觸間血清素的作用。

這些臨床上常用的抗憂鬱藥品,透過不同的機轉,都指向調控NA或5-HT,讓我們大腦裡面的神經傳遞物質均衡一下。

大圖來源:Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4E (Chapter 22)

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